Java bank - Application Design

We can create classes based on class diagrams. Let's write the transaction class first to avoid compilation errors.

Transaction.java

package net.java_school.bank;

public class Transaction {
  private String transactionDate;
  private String transactionTime;
  private String kind;
  private double amount;
  private double balance;

  public Transaction() {}
	
  public Transaction(String transactionDate,
      String transactionTime,
      String kind,
      double amount,
      double balance) {
    this.transactionDate = transactionDate;
    this.transactionTime = transactionTime;		
    this.kind = kind;
    this.amount = amount;
    this.balance = balance;
  }
	
  public String getTransactionDate() {
    return transactionDate;
  }
  public void setTransactionDate(String transactionDate) {
    this.transactionDate = transactionDate;
  }
  public String getTransactionTime() {
    return transactionTime;
  }
  public void setTransactionTime(String transactionTime) {
    this.transactionTime = transactionTime;
  }
  public String getKind() {
    return kind;
  }
  public void setKind(String kind) {
    this.kind = kind;
  }
  public long getAmount() {
    return amount;
  }
  public void setAmount(double amount) {
    this.amount = amount;
  }
  public long getBalance() {
    return balance;
  }
  public void setBalance(double balance) {
    this.balance = balance;
  }
	
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append(transactionDate);
    sb.append("|");
    sb.append(transactionTime);
    sb.append("|");
    sb.append(kind);
    sb.append("|");
    sb.append(amount);
    sb.append("|");
    sb.append(balance);

    return sb.toString();
  }
}

Override toString() that is not in the class diagram for convenient output.

Account.java

package net.java_school.bank;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

public class Account {
  private String accountNo;
  private String name;
  private double balance;
  private Transaction[] transactions = new Transaction[100];
  private int totalTransaction;

  static final SimpleDateFormat DATE_FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd");
  static final SimpleDateFormat TIME_FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
  static final String DEPOSIT = "Deposit";
  static final String WITHDRAW = "Withdrawal";

  public Account() {}
	
  public Account(String accountNo, String name) {
    this.accountNo = accountNo;
    this.name = name;
  }
	
  public Account(String accountNo, String name, double balance) {
    this.accountNo = accountNo;
    this.name = name;
    this.balance = balance;
  }

  public void deposit(double amount) {
    balance = balance + amount;
    Transaction transaction = new Transaction();
    Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
    Date date = cal.getTime();
    transaction.setTransactionDate(DATE_FORMAT.format(date));
    transaction.setTransactionTime(TIME_FORMAT.format(date));
    transaction.setAmount(amount);
    transaction.setBalance(balance);
    transaction.setKind(DEPOSIT);
    transactions[totalTransaction++] = transaction;
  }

  public void withdraw(double amount) {
    if (amount > balance) {
      return;
    }
    balance = balance - amount;
    Transaction transaction = new Transaction();
    Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
    Date date = cal.getTime();
    transaction.setTransactionDate(DATE_FORMAT.format(date));
    transaction.setTransactionTime(TIME_FORMAT.format(date));
    transaction.setAmount(amount);
    transaction.setBalance(balance);
    transaction.setKind(WITHDRAW);
    transactions[totalTransaction++] = transaction;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  public String getAccountNo() {
    return accountNo;
  }

  public void setAccountNo(String accountNo) {
    this.accountNo = accountNo;
  }

  public long getBalance() {
    return balance;
  }

  public void setBalance(double balance) {
    this.balance = balance;
  }

  public Transaction[] getTransactions() {
    return transactions;
  }

  public int getTotalTransaction() {
    return totalTransaction;
  }

  public void setTotalTransaction(int totalTransaction) {
    this.totalTransaction = totalTransaction;
  }

  public void setTransactions(Transaction[] transactions) {
    this.transactions = transactions;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    sb.append(accountNo);
    sb.append("|");
    sb.append(name);
    sb.append("|");
    sb.append(balance);

    return sb.toString();
  }
}

private Transaction [] transactions = new Transaction [100];

The variable is assigned an array object of size 100. --You can not create an array without specifying its length--

private int totalTransaction;

The variable named totalTransaction, which stores the total number of transactions, is used to put the values into the array variable transactions in order.

Not in the class diagram, add the following to the Account class:

1. Four static constants.

• DATE_FORMAT stores the deposit/withdrawal date format
• TIME_FORMAT stores the deposit/withdraw time format
• DEPOSIT stores Deposit string
• WITHDRAW stores Withdrawal string

2. Three constructors.

1. Default constructor
2. Constructor with the account number and owner name as arguments
3. Constructor with the account number, owner name, and balance as arguments

3. Overridden toString() method.

Bank.java

package net.java_school.bank;

public class Bank {
  private Account[] accounts = new Account[10];
  private int totalAccount;

  public void addAccount(String accountNo, String name) {
    accounts[totalAccount++] = new Account(accountNo, name);
  }
	
  public void addAccount(String accountNo, String name, double balance) {
    accounts[totalAccount++] = new Account(accountNo, name, balance);
  }

  public Account getAccount(String accountNo) {
    for (int i = 0; i < totalAccount; i++) {
      if (accountNo.equals(accounts[i].getAccountNo())) {
        return accounts[i];
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

  public Account[] findAccountByName(String name) {
    Account[] temp = new Account[totalAccount];
    int total = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < totalAccount; i++) {
      if (name.equals(accounts[i].getName())) {
        temp[total++] = accounts[i];
      }
    }
    Account[] matched = new Account[total];
    for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
      matched[i] = temp[i];
    }

    return matched;
  }

  public Account[] getAccounts() {
    return accounts;
  }

  public int getTotalAccount() {
    return totalAccount;
  }
}	

private Account[] accounts = new Account[10];

The variable is assigned an array object of size 10.

The variable named totalAccount, which stores the total number of accounts, is used to put the values into the array variable accounts in order.

The findAccountByName() finds an account by owner name. Since there may be multiple accounts with the same owner name, the return type is an array.

Create a class for testing.

Test.java

package net.java_school.bank;

public class Test {
  static final String ACCOUNTS_HEADING = "Account No|Owner|Balance";
  static final String TRANSACTIONS_HEADING = "Date|Time|D/W|Amount|Balance";

  public static void main(String[] args) {
	
    //Create test accounts
    Bank bank = new Bank();
    bank.addAccount("101", "Alison");
    bank.addAccount("202", "Bill");
    bank.addAccount("303", "Carol");
    bank.addAccount("404", "Alison");
		
    //1. Print out the total account list.
    System.out.println("1. Print out the total account list.");
    Account[] accounts = bank.getAccounts();
    int totalAccount = bank.getTotalAccount();
    System.out.println(ACCOUNTS_HEADING);
    for (int i = 0; i < totalAccount; i++) {
      System.out.println(accounts[i]);
    }

    System.out.println();
				
    //2. Deposit $ 10 into 101 account.
    System.out.println("2. Deposit $ 10 into 101 account.");		
    Account alison = bank.getAccount("101");
    alison.deposit(10);
    System.out.println(ACCOUNTS_HEADING);
    System.out.println(alison);

    System.out.println();
				
    //3. Withdraw $ 5 from 101 account.
    System.out.println("3. Withdraw $ 5 from 101 account.");		
    alison.withdraw(5);
    System.out.println(ACCOUNTS_HEADING);
    System.out.println(alison);

    System.out.println();
				
    //4. Print transaction history of the 101 account.
    System.out.println("4. Print transaction history of the 101 account.");		
    Transaction[] transactions = alison.getTransactions();
    int totalTransaction = alison.getTotalTransaction();
    System.out.println(TRANSACTIONS_HEADING);
    for (int i = 0; i < totalTransaction; i++) {
      System.out.println(transactions[i]);
    }

    System.out.println();
		
    //5. Find your account by customer name.
    System.out.println("5. Find Alison's Account.");
    Account[] matched = bank.findAccountByName("Alison");
    System.out.println(ACCOUNTS_HEADING);
    for (Account account : matched) {
      System.out.println(account);
    }
  }
}

1. Print out the total list.
AccountNo|Owner|Balance
101|Alison|0
202|Bill|0
303|Carol|0
404|Alison|0

2. Deposit $ 10 into 101 account.
AccountNo|Owner|Balance
101|Alison|10

3. Withdraw $ 5 from 101 account.
AccountNo|Owner|Balance
101|Alison|5

4. Print transaction history of the 101 account.
Date|Time|D/W|Amount|Balance
2020/12/15|17:50:29|Deposit|10|10
2020/12/15|17:50:29|Withdrawal|5|5

5. Find Alison's Account.
AccountNo|Owner|Balance
101|Alison|5
404|Alison|0

Date and Time

Here are Java API classes for date and time.

• java.util.Calendar
• java.util.Date
• java.util.Time

The above classes are not enough to make a program that deals with time and date in depth.
The joda-Time and the apache project FastDateFormat are external libraries for date and time. The following example shows how to use them.

DateExample.java

package net.java_school.example.basic;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateFormatUtils;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import org.joda.time.format.ISODateTimeFormat;

public class DateExample {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
		
    Date date = new Date();

    //1.Date object's toString() call
    System.out.println("1: " + date);

    //2.JDK SimpleDateFormat
    SimpleDateFormat DATE_FORMAT1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm:ss");
    System.out.println("2-1: " + DATE_FORMAT1.format(date));

    SimpleDateFormat DATE_FORMAT2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yy/M/d H:m:s");
    System.out.println("2-2: " + DATE_FORMAT2.format(date));

    //3.joda-Time 
    DateTime dt = new DateTime(date);
    System.out.println("3-1: " + dt.getYear() + "/" + dt.getMonthOfYear() + "/" + dt.getDayOfMonth());

    DateTimeFormatter fmt1 = ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime();
    System.out.println("3-2: " + fmt1.print(dt));

    DateTimeFormatter fmt2 = DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm:ss");
    System.out.println("3-3: " + fmt2.print(dt));

    //4.apache FastDateFormat
    System.out.println("4-1: " + DateFormatUtils.ISO_DATETIME_FORMAT.format(date));
    System.out.println("4-2: " + DateFormatUtils.ISO_DATETIME_TIME_ZONE_FORMAT.format(date));
  }
}

1: Mon Dec 07 15:44:55 KST 2015
2-1: 2015.12.07 15:44:55
2-2: 15/12/7 15:44:55
3-1: 2015/12/7
3-2: 2015-12-07T15:44:55.440+09:00
3-3: 2015.12.07 15:44:55
4-1: 2015-12-07T15:44:55
4-2: 2015-12-07T15:44:55+09:00

TODO

1. Modify the Account class to use an ArrayList instead of an array.
2. Modify the Account class to avoid duplicate account number.

• http://www.joda.org/joda-time/
• joda-Time userguide
• Apache Commons Lang
• Date and Time format examples using Apache Commons Lang